{"id":47,"date":"2007-01-09T16:06:18","date_gmt":"2007-01-09T08:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeparty.idv.tw\/blog\/archives\/47"},"modified":"2007-04-04T10:24:23","modified_gmt":"2007-04-04T02:24:23","slug":"%e8%bb%9f%e9%ab%94%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88%e9%a0%88%e9%9d%a2%e5%b0%8d%e7%8f%be%e5%af%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeparty.idv.tw\/blog\/archives\/47","title":{"rendered":"\u8edf\u9ad4\u8a2d\u8a08\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u9818\u57df\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u985e\u5225\u5982\u6b64\u8a2d\u8a08\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"customer_design.PNG\"<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u5c07\u500b\u4eba\u6236\u8207\u516c\u53f8\u6236\u90fd\u770b\u6210\u5ba2\u6236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u6236\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u6236\u7684\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u5171\u901a\u5c6c\u6027\u653e\u5230\u5ba2\u6236\u985e\u5225\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u500b\u5225\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5316\u5c6c\u6027\u653e\u5230\u884d\u751f\u985e\u5225\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u516c\u53f8\u4e0a\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662fParty\u3014Fowler96\u3015<\/a>\u6a23\u5f0f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed4\u7d30\u63a8\u7a76\u5176\u8a2d\u8a08\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u6703\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7d71\u589e\u52a0\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\uff08Unnecessary Complex\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u6236\u8207\u516c\u53f8\u6236\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u985e\u5225\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8655\u7406\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u5011\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u6c38\u7e8c\u6a5f\u5236\u6846\u67b6\uff0dHibernate<\/a>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u985e\u5225\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\uff0c\u4f46\u7e7c\u627f\u537b\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u985e\u5225\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u727d\u9023\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u516c\u53f8\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u4e0d\u8981\u91cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u800c\u8981\u82b1\u8cbb\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u592a\u5962\u4f88\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u6700\u5927\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u53ea\u5f9e\u7d50\u69cb\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u985e\u5225<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u62bd\u53d6\u5171\u901a\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u884c\u70ba\u9762\u7684\u5c01\u88dd\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u71df\u990a\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u9818\u57df\u6a21\u578b<\/a>\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u9084\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u4e26\u672a\u91dd\u5c0d\u5be6\u969b\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c64\u9762\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5c64\u9762\u4f86\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6a23\u5f0f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u5f15\u7528\u628a\u8a2d\u8a08\u554f\u984c\u8b8a\u8907\u96dc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u662f\u6a23\u5f0f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u5f15\u7528\u5462\uff1fMartin Fowler<\/a>\uff081996\uff09\u66fe\u63d0\u904e\uff0cParty\u3014Fowler96\u3015\u6a23\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5728\u9818\u57df\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6216\uff5e<\/li>\n
  2. \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5340\u5206\u4eba\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u884d\u751f\u985e\u5225\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u7528Party\uff3bFowler96\uff3d\u6a23\u5f0f\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5f0f\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u4e26\u672a\u4f86\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c11\u4e86\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5c01\u88dd\uff0c\u5be6\u4f5c\u5927\u81f4\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\uff1a
    \n
    \nCustomer cust = customerManagementService.getCustomer(id);<\/p>\n

    if (cust instanceof Person.class) {
    \n Person p = (Person) cust;
    \n \/\/ process person customer …
    \n} else if (cust instanceof Company.class) {
    \n Company c = (Company) cust;
    \n \/\/ process company customer …
    \n}
    \n<\/coolcode>
    \n\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u6703\u5f9e\u6b64\u958b\u59cb\u884d\u751f\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4e0d\u9858\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u662f\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7684is-a\u95dc\u4fc2\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u76ee\u524d<\/strong>\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u4ea4\u6613\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5ba2\u6236\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5340\u5206\u4ed6\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6839\u64da\u5ba2\u6236\u7de8\u865f\u67e5\u8a62\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u9818\u57df\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5c07\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u985e\u5225\u9808\u95dc\u806f\u81f3\u5ba2\u6236\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u67e5\u8a62\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u95dc\u806f\u6b64\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6b64\u754c\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u6b64\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5982\u6b64\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u55ae\u7d14\u4e9b\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u5171\u901a\u884c\u70ba\u518d\u904b\u7528\u89d2\u8272\u5851\u6a21<\/a>\uff08Dealing with Roles\uff09\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u9762\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6280\u8853\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u96e2\u9060\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8207\u300a\u985e\u5225\u8a2d\u8a08\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u300b<\/a>\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u91dd\u5c0d\u7db2\u53cbGameBoy\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u904b\u7528 “is a” \u548c “has a” \u8981\u80fd\u6d1e\u5bdf Problem domain\uff08\u521d\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u7528 real world \u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4f86 model\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u9ede\u5371\u96aa\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5834\u5408\u4f75\u7528\u66f4\u80fd\u9054\u5230 Model \u4e2d\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u5e73\u8861\u767c\u63ee\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u8edf\u6027\u300d\u56de\u61c9\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u5473\u5730\u6c42\u865b\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u904e\u5ea6\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u9811\u7a7a\uff01<\/p>\n

    \u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u5e38\u78b0\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u812b\u96e2\u696d\u52d9\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u947d\u9032\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n

    is a \u6216 has a \u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff02\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\uff02\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u601d\u8003\u9019\u6a23\u8a2d\u8a08\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528 real world \u7684\u76f4\u89c0\u4f86 modeling \u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c GameBoy \u8207\u6211\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u537b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u7528 real world \u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4f86 model\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u9ede\u5371\u96aa\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 real world \u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u5225\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u770b\u898b\u5728\u958b\u767c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \u8aa0\u5982Robert C. Martin\u5728\u300a\u654f\u6377\u8edf\u9ad4\u958b\u767c\u300b<\/a>\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u904e\u7684\uff1a”\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u8a98\u4f7f\u4f60\u9060\u96e2\u6a23\u5f0f\u6216\u539f\u5247”\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a23\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5e38\u6703\u8a98\u4f7f\u4f60\u9060\u96e2\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u696d\u52d9\u9700\u6c42<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \u6a23\u5f0f\u5b78\u5f97\u6108\u591a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u9192. \u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u6280\u8853\u773c\u5149\u4f86\u770b\u696d\u52d9\u9700\u6c42<\/strong>, \u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u5fa7\u6982\u5168\u7684\u5fa7\u898b\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u5fc5\u5c07\u81ea\u60e1\u679c\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u554f\u984c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u6280\u8853\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u3002\u5f9e\u6982\u5ff5\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u5f9e\u9818\u57df\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u793a\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u91dd\u5c0d\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u4ecb\u9762\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08\u8a3b<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u624d\u80fd\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a2d\u8a08\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u8a8d\u6e05\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u770b\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u537b\u662f\u5f80\u5f80\u6211\u5011\u7528\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u628a\u8a2d\u8a08\u8b8a\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u6a23\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8b39\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u6a23\u5f0f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u5f15\u7528\u8b93\u554f\u984c\u8907\u96dc\u5316<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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