{"id":12209,"date":"2023-02-03T10:19:50","date_gmt":"2023-02-03T02:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeparty.idv.tw\/blog\/?p=12209"},"modified":"2023-02-09T09:44:33","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T01:44:33","slug":"%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e5%ad%b8%e7%9c%8b%e6%95%98%e4%ba%8b%e6%b2%bb%e7%99%82%e7%9a%84%e5%81%87%e8%a8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeparty.idv.tw\/blog\/archives\/12209","title":{"rendered":"\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u770b\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u5047\u8a2d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b78\u7fd2\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u8b93\u6211\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u3002\u672c\u4f86\u7d93\u7531\u85a9\u63d0\u723e\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u5925\u4f34\u63a8\u85a6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b80\u5b8c\u4e86\u9326\u6566\u5beb\u7684\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010792327\">\u6700\u60f3\u8aaa\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u807d\u898b\uff1a\u6558\u4e8b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u5802\u8ab2<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u70ba\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u63d0\u554f\u548c\u85a9\u63d0\u723e\u5c0d\u8a71\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u4f86\u4ea4\u4e92\u904b\u7528\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u8a71\u63d0\u554f\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6027\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u5925\u4f34\u7d44\u5718\u53c3\u52a0\u6843\u5712\u5f35\u8001\u5e2b\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u7d20\u83f2\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u57fa\u790e\u73ed\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u807d\u5f9e\u5bb6\u4eba\u96a8\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u7d20\u83f2\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u5f88\u9069\u5408\u300d\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5176\u5be6\u548c\u85a9\u63d0\u723e\u5c0d\u8a71\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u63d0\u554f\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9aa8\u5b50\u88e1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u8005\u662f\u7acb\u8db3\u65bc\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u53ca\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\uff0c\u548c\u85a9\u63d0\u723e\u51b0\u5c71\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6d3e\u53ca\u7d50\u69cb\u601d\u7dad\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d20\u83f2\u8001\u5e2b\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u5c0d\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u53bb\u6d89\u7375\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u525b\u597d\u6700\u8fd1\u5925\u4f34\u5011\u5728\u8b80\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010412590\">\u5f9e\u6545\u4e8b\u5230\u7642\u7652\uff1a\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5165\u9580<\/a>\u300b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5728\u8b80\u66f8\u6703\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u4e2d\u6211\u63d0\u5230\u7528\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u56de\u9867\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5925\u4f34\u5011\u5f88\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u80fd\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u8a6e\u91cb\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u60f3\u5f9e\u7d20\u83f2\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u5230\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u6709\u4e03\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u524d\u63d0\u8207\u5047\u8a2d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5979\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e03\u500b prepositions \u5960\u5b9a\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u554f\u8a71\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u4e03\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u50cf\u662f\u76f4\u7acb\u7684\u8ef8\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6558\u4e8b\u554f\u8a71\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u504f\u96e2\u8ecc\u9053\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u524d\u63d0\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u601d\u7d22\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u4f86\u5c0d\u61c9\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d20\u83f2\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010781838\">\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u5be6\u8e10<\/a>\u300b\u63d0\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u6709\u4e3b\u89c0\u771f\u5be6\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6558\u8aaa\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u7531\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5275\u9020\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u8996\u70ba\u4e3b\u52d5\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u6240\u52a0\u8af8\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u6558\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cd\u8996\u8108\u7d61\u751a\u65bc\u5167\u5bb9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u662f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u6558\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5b78\u554f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u8207\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u5171\u5beb\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u518d\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; \u9ec3\u7d20\u83f2\uff0c2018\uff0c\u300a\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\uff1a\u5f37\u8abf\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6545\u4e8b\u6558\u8aaa\u7684\u8981\u7d20<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e32\u63a5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u88ab\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u570d\u7e5e\uff0c\u5442\u683c\u723e\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6558\u8aaa\u4e4b\u65bc\u4eba\u5c31\u50cf\u5927\u6d77\u4e4b\u65bc\u9b5a\u3002\u300d\uff08\u738b\u6587\u878d\u8b6f\uff0c2004\/1984\uff09\uff0c\u9b5a\u88ab\u6c34\u570d\u7e5e\uff0c\u4eba\u88ab\u6545\u4e8b\u570d\u7e5e\uff0c\u9b5a\u96e2\u958b\u6c34\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u4eba\u96e2\u958b\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u53bb\u77ad\u89e3\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0f\u4e3b\u984c\u5728\u5851\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56de\u61b6\uff08recollection\uff09\u9019\u500b\u5b57\uff0cre\u4ee3\u8868\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6709\u95dc\uff0ccollection \u4ee3\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e32\u63a5\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u788e\u88c2\u7684\u3001\u5206\u6563\u7684\u3001\u96f6\u843d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e32\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5442\u683c\u723e\uff08Ricoeur, 1987\uff09\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u672a\u80fd\u5168\u76e4\u5730\u4f5c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u8457\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u8eab\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6558\u8aaa\u751f\u547d\u904e\u5f80\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u6216\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6703\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7de8\u7e54\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u79e9\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6558\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u904e\u53bb\u767c\u751f\u904e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u4e32\u63a5\u6210\u5177\u6709\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u7368\u7279\u89e3\u91cb\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u6545\u4e8b\u5b89\u6392\u8207\u4e3b\u89d2\u7279\u6027\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u4e32\u63a5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6df7\u4e82\u3001\u96a8\u6a5f\u3001\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73fe\u5834\uff0c\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5442\u683c\u723e\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u6062\u5fa9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b77\u7a0b\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u60c5\u7bc0\u5316\u300d\uff08emplotment\uff09\u3002\u6545\u4e8b\u90fd\u6709\u958b\u59cb\u8207\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8d77\u627f\u8f49\u5408\uff0c\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u7d93\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7d50\u5c40\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u7d50\u5c40\u51fa\u767c\u5efa\u69cb\u6574\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6545\u4e8b\u6558\u8aaa\u662f\u4eba\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u904e\u5f80\u751f\u547d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u60c5\u5883<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u535a\u91d1\u970d\u6069\uff08Polkinghorne, 1988\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6558\u8aaa\u90fd\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u65b0\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u6558\u8aaa\u5c31\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6558\u8aaa\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u6558\u8aaa\u7d50\u69cb\u96a8\u4e4b\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u7531\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u6c92\u6709\u6b62\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u8ddf\u60c5\u5883\u6709\u95dc\u800c\u4e14\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u60c5\u5883\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a8d\u540c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u85a9\u8cd3\uff08Sarbin, 1986\uff09\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u6558\u8aaa\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c07\u751f\u6d3b\u73fe\u72c0\u5e36\u4f86\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5225\u4eba\u8a34\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u6558\u8aaa\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u6211\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6558\u8aaa\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0d\u53ea\u628a\u6211\u5011\u548c\u67d0\u500b\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u9023\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9023\u8cab\u6027\u8207\u7a69\u5b9a\u611f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7d93\u7531\u6558\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\u5340\u9694\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u91d0\u8a02\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff0c\u4eba\u600e\u9ebc\u53bb\u4e92\u52d5\u548c\u56e0\u61c9\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u9069\u61c9\u8207\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u90fd\u986f\u793a\u5728\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u9762\u8c8e\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u300a\u838a\u5b50\u79cb\u6c34\u300b\uff1a\u91cf\u7121\u7aae\u3001\u6642\u7121\u6b62\u3001\u5206\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u7d42\u59cb\u7121\u6545\u3002\u6558\u8aaa\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6d41\u52d5\u8457\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5efa\u69cb\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u904b\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ec\u559a\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u6558\u8aaa\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5728\u8a34\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6b63\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u6558\u8aaa\u8a8d\u540c\u5728\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u6211\u662f\u8ab0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u8a71\u5728\u8aaa\u4eba\u3002\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ec\u559a\u51fa\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u4e2d\u9ad4\u9a57\u81ea\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bb6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7834\u788e\u8655\u7121\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5be6\u9ad4\u4ee5\u7d93\u9a57\u4ed6\u548c\u8207\u4e16\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4eba\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u624d\u662f\u554f\u984c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a8d\u6e05\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u812b\u56f0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u554f\u984c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u5230\u5e95\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6700\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u4eba\u8207\u554f\u984c\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u554f\u984c\u4eba\u7269\u300d\u624d\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u554f\u984c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u6709\u300c\u5077\u7aca\u554f\u984c\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5c0f\u5077\u300d\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u554f\u984c\u4eba\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5077\u7aca\u9019\u500b\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7531\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4eba\u8207\u554f\u984c\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u6307\u7a31\u8457\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u554f\u984c\u4eba\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u812b\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u4ee5\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u300c\u5c08\u5bb6\u300d\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u9019\u500b\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6539\u8b8a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eba\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5f9e\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8005<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u627e\u51fa\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7dda\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u6240\u7f6e\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6545\u4e8b\u5287\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6f5b\u85cf\u7684\u65b0\u6545\u4e8b\u5287\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u67b6\u69cb\u770b\u898b\u5178\u578b\u6545\u4e8b\u8173\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7dda\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u5c07\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u64c1\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u539f\u4f86\u6545\u4e8b\u88e1\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u67b6\u69cb\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u7bc0\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5e2b\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c07\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u5f9e\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8f49\u6210\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>\u76f4\u89c0\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u554f\u984c\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7576\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u958b\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u963b\u7919\u6642\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u56e0\u61c9\u3001\u5fcd\u53d7\u3001\u6216\u662f\u8ff4\u907f\u5b83\u3002\u7576\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u548c\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u5e38\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5316\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u800c\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u9577\u968e\u6bb5\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4e5f\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u7576\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u52a0\u8af8\u4ed6\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u800c\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u9054\u548c\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7576\u4eba\u672a\u5bdf\u89ba\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5230\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u800c\u627f\u53d7\u554f\u984c\u52a0\u8af8\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e5f\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u53ec\u559a\u800c\u7d93\u9a57\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u4e09\uff1a\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3b\u5c0e\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6558\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u7576\u8a8d\u771f\u91cd\u65b0\u4fee\u8a02\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u751f\u547d\u904e\u5f80\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5354\u52a9\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u53bb\u77ad\u89e3\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0f\u4e3b\u984c\u5728\u5851\u9020\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u5efa\u69cb\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8aaa\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u91cd\u69cb\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u85c9\u7531\u6545\u4e8b\u53bb\u91cd\u7d44\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u800c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u8aaa\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91cd\u65b0\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u53c8\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u7269\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f9e\u7d93\u9a57\u8403\u53d6\u667a\u6167<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u85c9\u7531\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u7bc0\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u52a9\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u53bb\u770b\u300d\u8207\u300c\u53bb\u807d\u300d\uff08\u773c\u754c\uff09\u800c\u975e\u300c\u5f15\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\uff08\u601d\u7dad\uff09\u53bb\u6559\u5c0e\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u8655\u5728\u300c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e2d\u300d\uff08experiencing\uff09\uff0c\u501f\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u8403\u53d6\u51fa\u500b\u4eba\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u667a\u6167\u6216\u7d93\u9a57\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u5c01\u5b58\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u610f\u7fa9\u9818\u57df\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u6539\u8b8a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u662f\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u8a8d\u77e5\u57fa\u6a21\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u5c0d\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5efa\u69cb\u578b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7d93\u9a57\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d93\u7531\u610f\u7fa9\u9818\u57df\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d71\u6574\u5efa\u69cb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u7d44\u7e54\u7269\u8cea\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u539f\u5247\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u8a69\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u908f\u8f2f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08Polkinghorne, 1988\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8996\u57df<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9ad8\u9054\u7f8e\uff08Gadamer\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u8ce6\u4e88\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u89e3\u91cb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8996\u57df\uff08horizon\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3001\u6210\u898b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7121\u6cd5\u64fa\u812b\u7684\u512a\u7f8e\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u7d93\u5178\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u5716\u53bb\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u614b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u8a9e\u610f\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u906e\u853d\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8aaa\u51fa\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u9ad4\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6307\u51fa\u7fa9\u610f\u800c\u7a84\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u7f6e\u8eab\u65bc\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8996\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u5c0d\u8a71\u6709\u5982\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u81ea\u6709\u7684\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u6c60\u5858\u300d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u300c\u8a9e\u610f\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5834\u6240\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5f80\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f49\u6298\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ba2\u89c0\u5206\u6790\u8207\u89e3\u91cb\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7684\u5883\u9047\u611f\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u624d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u6240\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u751f\u547d\u904e\u7a0b\u5df2\u7136\u751f\u6210\u7684\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u6c60\u5858\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5148\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\uff08fore-structure)\u88e1\u9762\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5148\u61c2\u5f97\u5b83\u6240\u8981\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u64f4\u5927\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u8996\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u300c\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8996\u57df\uff0c\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u9032\u5165\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u8996\u57df\uff0c\u5fa9\u900f\u904e\u554f\u8a71\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8996\u57df\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u878d\u5373\u53ef\u9054\u5230\u300c\u8996\u57df\u878d\u5408\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u8207\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u56de\u5230\u5883\u57df\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5171\u540c\u5883\u57df\u611f\u8207\u5171\u540c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7522\u6027\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u7bc4\u4e2d\u7406\u8ad6\u8da8\u5411\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u61f7\u7279\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u845b\u96f7\u683c\u91cc.\u8c9d\u7279\u68ee(Gregory Bateson)\u7cfb\u7d71\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8ad6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u908f\u8f2f\u5be6\u8b49\u8f49\u5411\u89c0\u9ede\u8ad6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u7bc4\u7587\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u7dda\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u5275\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4ed6\u5c07\u8b8a\u6210\u81ea\u88fd\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5974\u96b8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u8a8d\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u77e5\u8b58\u6216\u662f\u5728\u5730\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u7368\u7279\u5c11\u6578\uff08\u6b8a\u76f8\uff09\u8207\u4ee5\u7c21\u99ad\u7e41\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5171\u76f8\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u662f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u6558\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u8108\u7d61\uff08context\uff09\u751a\u65bc\u5167\u5bb9\uff08content\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u8996\u8aaa\u4e86\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6545\u4e8b\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u5167\u5bb9\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8996\u662f\u300c\u6545\u4e8b\u4f55\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u51fa\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u8108\u7d61\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u91cd\u8996\u7d93\u9a57\u6240\u860a\u85cf\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u751a\u65bc\u60c5\u7dd2\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u628a\u8655\u88e1\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u7d93\u9a57\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u8108\u7d61\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0d\u628a\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u4e4b\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>\u5efa\u69cb\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u8003\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u6163\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6216\u6b0a\u5a01\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5728\u58d3\u8feb\u7576\u4e2d\u53d7\u56f0\u3002\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8981\u5c07\u90a3\u4e9b\u6163\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u653e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u7d0d\u5165\u62ec\u865f\uff0c\u800c\u9032\u884c\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u4f55\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u958b\u59cb\uff1f\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u53c8\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u6b77\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u9032\u800c\u80fd\u5920\u53cd\u601d\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u53d7\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u6539\u5beb\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5287\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u898b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u53d7\u5230\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u9054\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ca\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81f3\u65bc\u5f9e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f9e\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u6558\u8aaa\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u8996\u89d2\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce8\u610f\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u96b1\u800c\u672a\u73fe\u6240\u906e\u853d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u90fd\u8ce6\u4e88\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8996\u57df\u7684\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4ed6\u60f3\u8aaa\uff0c\u537b\u8aaa\u4e0d\u51fa\u7684\u8a71\u5462\uff1f\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u6240\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8ab0\u5728\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u8108\u7d61\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u5728\u4e3b\u5c0e\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u8108\u7d61\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u9069\u5408\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u56db\uff1a\u5f37\u8abf\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7406\u89e3<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7406\u89e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7bc4\u7587<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u5c0d\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7684\u56de\u9867<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7576\u4eba\u56de\u9867\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\u6642\u5c31\u9032\u5165\u5c0d\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u7d93\u9a57\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u5efa\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u9032\u5165\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u5e03\u9b6f\u8afe\uff08Bruner, 1986\uff09\u6307\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u85cd\u5716\u300d\uff08landscape of consciousness\uff09\uff0c\u61f7\u7279\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u85cd\u5716\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u85cd\u5716\u6216\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u85cd\u5716\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u610f\u7fa9\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\u610f\u8b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u884c\u52d5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u540c\u61f7\u7279\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u610f\u8b58\u85cd\u5716\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6b78\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5851\u9020\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u5716\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e03\u9b6f\u8afe\uff08Bruner, 1986 , p.78\uff09\u4e0d\u8ac7\u5f62\u8b8a\uff08change\uff09\u800c\u770b\u8cea\u8b8a\uff08transformation\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u884c\u52d5\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5148\u9032\u5165\u300c\u6545\u4e8b\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u548c\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u7bc4\u7587\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u5354\u52a9\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u64da\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300c\u610f\u7fa9\u6b78\u56e0\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u8eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u300c\u610f\u5716\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\u300d\u4e4b\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ddf\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u7279\u8cea\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7406\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u601d\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53cd\u601d\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6295\u5165\u53cd\u601d\u884c\u52d5\u88e1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8df3\u51fa\u4f86\u53cd\u601d\u6574\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\uff08We not only re\ufb02ect in action, but on action.\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5225\u4eba\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u96e2\u958b\u539f\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u67d0\u7a2e\u60c5\u614b\u7684\u8655\u5883\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u8655\u5883\u624d\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5f37\u8abf\u6558\u8aaa\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff08narrative knowing\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u512a\u5148\u6027\u6216\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8aaa\u5c07\u56e0\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u5851\u6210\u800c\u5b9a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u6b77\u53f2\u8ddd\u96e2\u904e\u7a0b\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u56de\u9996\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>\u6545\u4e8b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u52d5\u85cd\u5716\u800c\u662f\u6307\u610f\u8b58\u85cd\u5716\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u85cd\u5716\u8b93\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u610f\u7fa9\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u8c61\u9084\u539f\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u76f4\u89c0\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u9762\u5411\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u9700\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u610f\u7fa9\u7bc4\u7587\u770b\u5230\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u662f\u65e2\u906e\u853d\u53c8\u958b\u986f\uff0c\u610f\u7fa9\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u5716\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u865b\u7a7a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u986f\u73fe\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7372\u5f97\u6eff\u5be6\uff0c\u9019\u624d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8c50\u539a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5169\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u8aaa\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5fc5\u7136\u906e\u853d\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u96d9\u91cd\u8046\u807d\u800c\u4f7f\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5be6\u5b58\u3002\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u8b93\u4eba\u8aaa\u4e0d\u51fa\u8a71\u6216\u7121\u8a71\u53ef\u8aaa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60c5\u7d50\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u9670\u5f71\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u67d0\u500b\u6642\u7a7a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u548c\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u96c6\u9ad4\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u524d\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5ee2\u589f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e\u6642\u5149\u96a7\u9053\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u53ec\u559a\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u91cd\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u751f\u547d\u610f\u7fa9\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u4e94\uff1a\u91cd\u8996\u610f\u7fa9<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6558\u8aaa\u8868\u9054\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7368\u7279<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u547d\u540d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6aa2\u8996\u300c\u4eba\u5167\u5728\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u300d\u7684\u9014\u5f91<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c31\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u77ad\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u4e00\u9053\u88c2\u75d5\uff0c\u6558\u8aaa\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u6096\u53cd\u6027\u683c\u4e4b\u6a4b\u6a11\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u8aaa\u8f49\u5411\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u7684\u5167\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u6558\u8aaa\u884c\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4eba\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u5011\u6558\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u88e1\u90fd\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1b\u6558\u8aaa\u6355\u6349\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u5728\u6558\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u71d9\u6597\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u6f02\u6d6e\u8457\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u71d9\u8cbc\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5e73\u81fa\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e5f\u6709\u5982\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u5291\uff0c\u5c07\u96e3\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u3001\u6e38\u96e2\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u8a9e\u8a00\u800c\u5851\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a6e\u91cb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u8005<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7e3d\u662f\u591a\u5143\u4e8b\u5be6\uff08multiple reality\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u7d44\u5408\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u601d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u548c\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u554f\u984c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u807d\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6545\u4e8b\u5177\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u771f\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff08The story hearers believed that it was true because it was meaningful, rather than it was meaningful because it was true.\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u958b\u986f\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\uff08\u610f\u7fa9\u5851\u6210\uff09\u6216\u807d\u6545\u4e8b\uff08\u610f\u7fa9\u7406\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u958b\u986f\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u91cd\u8996\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u770b\u4f3c\u6c92\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u5275\u9020\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>\u8a6e\u91cb\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6558\u8aaa\u8f49\u5411\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u5167\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6558\u4e8b\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u9762\u5411\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u65bc\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5e38\u6703\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u5167\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u8996\u4f5c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7576\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u5272\u6368\u6216\u7565\u9664\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u751f\u6d3b\u5c07\u70ba\u4e86\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u751f\u547d\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u662f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u8108\u7d61\u5206\u5272\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e00\u9ad4\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u6210\u70ba\u74b0\u7bc0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5272\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u662f\u6211\u6240\u6558\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u74b0\u7bc0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f34\u96a8\u6211\u7684\u6210\u9577\u6709\u5b83\u767c\u5c55\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u6211\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u591a\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9593\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0b\u7684\u6211\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u9762\u5411\u7684\u6211\u4ea4\u7e54\u6210\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e5f\u4ee5\u53ec\u559a\u51fa\u5404\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u547d\u540d\u8207\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u8c50\u539a\u5851\u6210\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u958b\u986f\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u516d\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7d50\u679c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5728\u96c6\u9ad4\u7576\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u6211<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u8a8d\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8108\u7d61\u5305\u62ec\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u6027\u504f\u597d\u3001\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u548c\u908a\u9672\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8aaa\u300c\u4f60\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u300d\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f7f\u4f60\u6210\u70ba\u4f60\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u554f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u662f\u8ab0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f7f\u4f60\u6210\u70ba\u4f60\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\uff08It&#8217;s not who you are, but what hold who you are.\uff09\u300c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\uff1f\u4f7f\u4f60\u7528\u22ef\u22ef\u5f62\u5bb9\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u986f\u9732\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u4e5f\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6558\u4e8b\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u5167\u5bb9\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u4eba\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u88e1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7d30\u7bc0\uff08\u6b8a\u76f8\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u554f\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u5167\u5bb9\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6211\u7684\u4ed6\u8005<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u751f\u6daf\u9858\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u9858\u671b\u662f\u6211\u7684\u9858\u671b\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u7684\u9858\u671b\u662f\u8ab0\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff1f\u662f\u5982\u300c\u5176\u300d\u6240\u662f\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5982\u300c\u671f\u300d\u6240\u662f\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u5982\u5176\u6240\u662f\u300d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u671f\u6240\u662f\u300d\u5247\u662f\u6eff\u8db3\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9127\u660e\u5b87\uff082005\uff09\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u6558\u8aaa\u7684\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u62c9\u5ca1\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9858\u671b\u662f\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u9858\u671b\u300d\uff08\u675c\u8072\u92d2\uff0c1988:34\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7684\u300e\u4ed6\u8005\u300f\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff08\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u50f9\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u5230\uff1a\u6211\u786c\u9838\u7684\u6d3b\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff08\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u50f9\u503c\uff09\u6d3b\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u627e\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u96e2\u958b\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u5404\u7a2e\u610f\u898b\u548c\u8207\u5225\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u800c\u4ea4\u7e54\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91cd\u6558\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5c0d\u8a71\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u300c\u5c55\u73fe\u300d\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300c\u50be\u8a34\u300d\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u50be\u8a34\u300d\u53ea\u662f\u8aee\u5546\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u5149\u505c\u7559\u5728\u300c\u50be\u8a34\u300d\u53ea\u662f\u5ba3\u6d29\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u7642\u7652\uff0c\u300c\u50be\u8a34\u300d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u6cbb\u7642\u8005\u300c\u8a3a\u65b7\u300d\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8a3a\u7642\u4e5f\u9084\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7642\u7652\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9664\u975e\u900f\u904e\u514b\u9023\u7b2c\u5c3c\u548c\u5bc7\u5167\u7acb\uff08Clandinin &amp; Connelly, 1998, 2000\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u6211\u7d93\u7531\u300c\u50be\u8a34\u300d\u9054\u5230\u300c\u6558\u8aaa\u300d\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u300c\u5c55\u73fe\u300d\u51fa\u5176\u539f\u672c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7642\u7652\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c07\u5916\u5728\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bdf\u770b\u5167\u5728\u53d7\u56f0\u9813\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u906d\u9047\u3001\u53cd\u6620\u8207\u6297\u62d2\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u5c07\u7126\u9ede\u7d93\u7531\u6642\u7a7a\u4e0a\u7684\u524d\u3001\u5f8c\u3001\u5167\u3001\u5916\uff0c\u79fb\u52d5\u800c\u64e6\u62ed\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7dda\u689d\u6a21\u7cca\u6389\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u8fa8\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u5f97\u4ee5\u300c\u5c55\u73fe\u300d\u5176\u751f\u547d\u7684\u539f\u521d\u6a23\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d66\u51fa\u6b64\u5728<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u773c\u5149\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u300c\u6545\u4e8b\u4f55\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u51fa\u300d\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u652f\u6490\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u5883\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eba\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6558\u4e8b\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u6aa2\u8996\u96c6\u9ad4\u6558\u4e8b\u5982\u4f55\u6c59\u67d3\u6216\u6ef2\u900f\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6545\u4e8b\u6558\u8aaa\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u8108\u7d61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u50b3\u7d71\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u50be\u5411\u5c07\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u9694\u96e2\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u6216\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5247\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u540c\u6642\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u6240\u8655\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6c92\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8eab\u8655\u67d0\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e92\u52d5\u800c\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u8655\u65bc\u5728\u4e16\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90e8\u5206\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u4f5c\u51fa\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u8108\u7d61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u5e36\u7d66\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u5176\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u6558\u8aaa\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u548c\u6b74\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u6e38\u79fb\u800c\u64e6\u62ed\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u7576\u7dda\u689d\u6a21\u7cca\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u6211\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u7684\u539f\u521d\u6a23\u8c8e\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6558\u8aaa\u8005\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8aaa\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u906d\u9047\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u597d\u5947\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u8aaa\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c \u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u652f\u6490\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u5883\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u8a71\u7d66\u51fa\u4ed6\u6b64\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u8a2d\u4e03\uff1a\u5f9e\u4e3b\u6d41\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u958b\u5275\u51fa\u8cbc\u8fd1\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6545\u4e8b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9023\u7d50\u6e34\u671b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u55ae\u8584<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3b\u6d41\u6545\u4e8b\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u652f\u914d\u6027\u6545\u4e8b\u7dda\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9078\u64c7\u6027\uff0c\u65c1\u908a\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u6c38\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u4e32\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u70ba\u51dd\u805a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7dda\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u6d41\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff08dominate discourse\uff09\u662f\u5b55\u80b2\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u4e3b\u6d41\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8a2a\u8005\u6703\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0b\u55ae\u8584\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u8ad6\u7d93\u5e38\u52a9\u9577\u4eba\u81ea\u8a8d\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u6372\u5165\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u81ea\u5df1\u8ddf\u5225\u4eba\u90fd\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u559c\u597d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6216\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u5225\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u53d7\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u5011\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u8eab\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u3001\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4fe1\u4ee5\u70ba\u771f\u8a8d\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul 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